RNA Sequencing:Article Title: THER: Integrative Web Tool for Tumour Hypoxia Exploration and Research.
Article Snippet: .. RNA- seq used DESeq [9] for raw count processing including low- abundance filtering, differential analysis and normalisation; Affymetrix arrays applied affy [10] (HGU95/HGU133/MGU74: ReadAffy with rma background correction and normalisation) or oligo [11] (other platforms) with equivalent procedures; Illumina BeadArray employed lumi [12] (lumiR.batch for background correction and log2 transformation followed by lumiExpresso quantile normalisation); Agilent arrays utilised backgroundCorrect and normalizeBetweenArrays functions of limma [13]. ..
Transformation Assay:Article Title: THER: Integrative Web Tool for Tumour Hypoxia Exploration and Research.
Article Snippet: .. RNA- seq used DESeq [9] for raw count processing including low- abundance filtering, differential analysis and normalisation; Affymetrix arrays applied affy [10] (HGU95/HGU133/MGU74: ReadAffy with rma background correction and normalisation) or oligo [11] (other platforms) with equivalent procedures; Illumina BeadArray employed lumi [12] (lumiR.batch for background correction and log2 transformation followed by lumiExpresso quantile normalisation); Agilent arrays utilised backgroundCorrect and normalizeBetweenArrays functions of limma [13]. ..
Genome Wide:
Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction:Article Title: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on the Potential Use of miR-150 as a Novel Biomarker in the Detection and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis
Article Snippet: Bergman et al. [ ] , 2016 , Clinical research study , In the study, CSF samples were collected from patients with CIS, relapsing-remitting MS, and control groups. miRNA profiling was performed using TaqMan miRNA arrays, and subsequent validation was carried out with real-time PCR on two independent patient cohorts to assess the levels of miR-150. , RT-PCR , miR-145 and miR-150 of the tested miRNAs were significantly different for MS compared to NINDC in cohort 1. In the larger validation cohort 2, the significantly higher levels of miR-150 in MS compared to both NINDC and INDC were replicated. Additionally, significantly higher levels of miR-150 were observed between patients with CIS and NINDC. , Higher levels of miR-150 in CSF were significantly associated with increased CSF cell count, elevated immunoglobulin G (IgG) index, and the presence of OCBs. Additionally, miR-150 levels correlated with the levels of candidate protein biomarkers such as C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), and osteopontin (OPN). However, there was no significant correlation between miR-150 levels and the number of MRI T2 lesions or the EDSS score. , The authors conclude that miR-150 is a promising biomarker for MS. Its elevated levels in CSF of MS patients correlate with active CNS inflammation and established immunologic parameters. The miR-150/miR-204 ratio also shows potential as an effective biomarker, performing similarly to current top protein biomarkers, indicating its value in early diagnosis and disease monitoring. , miR-204, miR-145, The ratio of miR-150 to miR-204 was significantly higher in MS patients compared to both NINDC and INDC in cohort 2. , Two validation cohorts of patients were recruted: cohort 1 comprised 34 CIS patients, 43 MS patients, 34 NINDC, and 31 INDC, while cohort 2 included 96 CIS patients, 120 MS patients, 119 NINDC, and 95 INDC.. .. Roopali Gandhi [ ] , 2015 , Topical Review , Literature search and meta-analysis , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , To develop a miRNA-based biomarker for MS or any disease, it is crucial to quantify miRNAs from various samples with high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. , miR-150, along with other miRNAs, showed altered expression levels in MS patients compared to healthy controls and that its expression levels could be linked to disease activity and progression. , There is significant enthusiasm about using miRNAs as biomarkers, driven by their stability and ease of detection. However, thereare a wide range of results reported by different research groups, and its hard to find a perfect miRNA as a biomarker in MS. , 151 miRNAs listed. Five examples include: miR-34a, miR-155, miR-326, miR-18b, and miR-493 , Only one study focusing on miR-150 where the population consists of 33 individuals.. .. Martinelli-Bonesch et al. [ ] , 2012 , Cross-sectional observational study , Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 19 MS patients and 14 controls were used to test the expression profile of 1145 microRNAs and to perform whole-genome mRNA profiling. The researchers employed Illumina BeadArray technology for the microRNA and mRNA screenings and validated the findings using quantitative PCR and bioinformatic prediction tools to identify potential genetic targets and biomarkers. , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , This study identified 104 miRNAs with dysregulated expression in MS patients compared to controls. However, upon validation with a separate group of individuals using qPCR, only two miRNAs, let-7g and miR-150, showed consistent differences. , The study found that miR-150 was significantly downregulated in MS patients compared to controls. This downregulation was confirmed through quantitative PCR in a second sample of MS patients and controls. Additionally, the study identified putative target genes of miR-150 that are potentially involved in MS pathogenesis, such as the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 gene (SOCS1), which affects immune processes within the CNS and has been associated with MS severity and progression. , Significant dysregulation of miRNAs in MS patients. This suggest that these miRNAs, particularly miR-150, may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS through their predicted target genes, which include those involved in immune processes within the CNS. The identification of these miRNAs as being deregulated in MS patients provides potential novel targets for further research and potential biomarkers for the disease, aiding in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MS and developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. , let-7g, miR-363, miR-31, miR-524-3p, miR-876-3p, miR-223, miR-550, miR-181c, and miR-374a , The study included a total of 33 individuals, comprising 19 patients diagnosed with MS and 14 control subjects. Among the MS patients, there were 7 with RRMS, 6 with SPMS, and 6 with PPMS. This diverse representation of MS subtypes alongside the control group provided a comprehensive basis for analysis..
Article Title: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on the Potential Use of miR-150 as a Novel Biomarker in the Detection and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis
Article Snippet: Roopali Gandhi [ ] , 2015 , Topical Review , Literature search and meta-analysis , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , To develop a miRNA-based biomarker for MS or any disease, it is crucial to quantify miRNAs from various samples with high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. , miR-150, along with other miRNAs, showed altered expression levels in MS patients compared to healthy controls and that its expression levels could be linked to disease activity and progression. , There is significant enthusiasm about using miRNAs as biomarkers, driven by their stability and ease of detection. However, thereare a wide range of results reported by different research groups, and its hard to find a perfect miRNA as a biomarker in MS. , 151 miRNAs listed. Five examples include: miR-34a, miR-155, miR-326, miR-18b, and miR-493 , Only one study focusing on miR-150 where the population consists of 33 individuals.. .. Martinelli-Bonesch et al. [ ] , 2012 , Cross-sectional observational study , Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 19 MS patients and 14 controls were used to test the expression profile of 1145 microRNAs and to perform whole-genome mRNA profiling. The researchers employed Illumina BeadArray technology for the microRNA and mRNA screenings and validated the findings using quantitative PCR and bioinformatic prediction tools to identify potential genetic targets and biomarkers. , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , This study identified 104 miRNAs with dysregulated expression in MS patients compared to controls. However, upon validation with a separate group of individuals using qPCR, only two miRNAs, let-7g and miR-150, showed consistent differences. , The study found that miR-150 was significantly downregulated in MS patients compared to controls. This downregulation was confirmed through quantitative PCR in a second sample of MS patients and controls. Additionally, the study identified putative target genes of miR-150 that are potentially involved in MS pathogenesis, such as the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 gene (SOCS1), which affects immune processes within the CNS and has been associated with MS severity and progression. , Significant dysregulation of miRNAs in MS patients. This suggest that these miRNAs, particularly miR-150, may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS through their predicted target genes, which include those involved in immune processes within the CNS. The identification of these miRNAs as being deregulated in MS patients provides potential novel targets for further research and potential biomarkers for the disease, aiding in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MS and developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. , let-7g, miR-363, miR-31, miR-524-3p, miR-876-3p, miR-223, miR-550, miR-181c, and miR-374a , The study included a total of 33 individuals, comprising 19 patients diagnosed with MS and 14 control subjects. Among the MS patients, there were 7 with RRMS, 6 with SPMS, and 6 with PPMS. This diverse representation of MS subtypes alongside the control group provided a comprehensive basis for analysis.. .. Al-Temaimi et al. [ ] , 2024 , Observational cohort study , The study by Al-Temaimi et al. analyzed plasma samples from 76 MS patients and 75 healthy controls to evaluate the expression of seven miRNAs using real-time quantitative PCR. The miRNAs were selected based on previous associations with MS, and statistical analyses were performed to assess their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. , PCR; (qRT-PCR) , The study found that miR-150-5p is significantly downregulated in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients, and its increased expression is associated with reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, indicating its potential as a biomarker for inflammation and SPMS transition. , MiR-150-5p had significantly lower fold expression in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients when adjusted for age, sex, and treatment type. Additionally, increased miR-150-5p expression was associated with reduced levels of BDNF in the total cohort, indicating its potential role as a biomarker for inflammation and the transition from RRMS to SPMS. , The findings suggest that miR-150-5p, which is significantly downregulated in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients, could serve as a potential biomarker for the transition from RRMS to SPMS. Additionally, the association of increased miR-150-5p expression with reduced BDNF levels underscores its potential role in inflammation and disease progression in MS. , miR-23a-3p, miR-326, miR-223-3p, miR-320a-3p, miR-145-5p, and miR-155-5p , The study included 76 MS patients and 75 healthy controls. Among the MS patients, 56 had RRMS and 20 had SPMS..
Biomarker Discovery:Article Title: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on the Potential Use of miR-150 as a Novel Biomarker in the Detection and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis
Article Snippet: Bergman et al. [ ] , 2016 , Clinical research study , In the study, CSF samples were collected from patients with CIS, relapsing-remitting MS, and control groups. miRNA profiling was performed using TaqMan miRNA arrays, and subsequent validation was carried out with real-time PCR on two independent patient cohorts to assess the levels of miR-150. , RT-PCR , miR-145 and miR-150 of the tested miRNAs were significantly different for MS compared to NINDC in cohort 1. In the larger validation cohort 2, the significantly higher levels of miR-150 in MS compared to both NINDC and INDC were replicated. Additionally, significantly higher levels of miR-150 were observed between patients with CIS and NINDC. , Higher levels of miR-150 in CSF were significantly associated with increased CSF cell count, elevated immunoglobulin G (IgG) index, and the presence of OCBs. Additionally, miR-150 levels correlated with the levels of candidate protein biomarkers such as C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), and osteopontin (OPN). However, there was no significant correlation between miR-150 levels and the number of MRI T2 lesions or the EDSS score. , The authors conclude that miR-150 is a promising biomarker for MS. Its elevated levels in CSF of MS patients correlate with active CNS inflammation and established immunologic parameters. The miR-150/miR-204 ratio also shows potential as an effective biomarker, performing similarly to current top protein biomarkers, indicating its value in early diagnosis and disease monitoring. , miR-204, miR-145, The ratio of miR-150 to miR-204 was significantly higher in MS patients compared to both NINDC and INDC in cohort 2. , Two validation cohorts of patients were recruted: cohort 1 comprised 34 CIS patients, 43 MS patients, 34 NINDC, and 31 INDC, while cohort 2 included 96 CIS patients, 120 MS patients, 119 NINDC, and 95 INDC.. .. Roopali Gandhi [ ] , 2015 , Topical Review , Literature search and meta-analysis , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , To develop a miRNA-based biomarker for MS or any disease, it is crucial to quantify miRNAs from various samples with high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. , miR-150, along with other miRNAs, showed altered expression levels in MS patients compared to healthy controls and that its expression levels could be linked to disease activity and progression. , There is significant enthusiasm about using miRNAs as biomarkers, driven by their stability and ease of detection. However, thereare a wide range of results reported by different research groups, and its hard to find a perfect miRNA as a biomarker in MS. , 151 miRNAs listed. Five examples include: miR-34a, miR-155, miR-326, miR-18b, and miR-493 , Only one study focusing on miR-150 where the population consists of 33 individuals.. .. Martinelli-Bonesch et al. [ ] , 2012 , Cross-sectional observational study , Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 19 MS patients and 14 controls were used to test the expression profile of 1145 microRNAs and to perform whole-genome mRNA profiling. The researchers employed Illumina BeadArray technology for the microRNA and mRNA screenings and validated the findings using quantitative PCR and bioinformatic prediction tools to identify potential genetic targets and biomarkers. , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , This study identified 104 miRNAs with dysregulated expression in MS patients compared to controls. However, upon validation with a separate group of individuals using qPCR, only two miRNAs, let-7g and miR-150, showed consistent differences. , The study found that miR-150 was significantly downregulated in MS patients compared to controls. This downregulation was confirmed through quantitative PCR in a second sample of MS patients and controls. Additionally, the study identified putative target genes of miR-150 that are potentially involved in MS pathogenesis, such as the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 gene (SOCS1), which affects immune processes within the CNS and has been associated with MS severity and progression. , Significant dysregulation of miRNAs in MS patients. This suggest that these miRNAs, particularly miR-150, may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS through their predicted target genes, which include those involved in immune processes within the CNS. The identification of these miRNAs as being deregulated in MS patients provides potential novel targets for further research and potential biomarkers for the disease, aiding in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MS and developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. , let-7g, miR-363, miR-31, miR-524-3p, miR-876-3p, miR-223, miR-550, miR-181c, and miR-374a , The study included a total of 33 individuals, comprising 19 patients diagnosed with MS and 14 control subjects. Among the MS patients, there were 7 with RRMS, 6 with SPMS, and 6 with PPMS. This diverse representation of MS subtypes alongside the control group provided a comprehensive basis for analysis..
Article Title: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on the Potential Use of miR-150 as a Novel Biomarker in the Detection and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis
Article Snippet: Roopali Gandhi [ ] , 2015 , Topical Review , Literature search and meta-analysis , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , To develop a miRNA-based biomarker for MS or any disease, it is crucial to quantify miRNAs from various samples with high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. , miR-150, along with other miRNAs, showed altered expression levels in MS patients compared to healthy controls and that its expression levels could be linked to disease activity and progression. , There is significant enthusiasm about using miRNAs as biomarkers, driven by their stability and ease of detection. However, thereare a wide range of results reported by different research groups, and its hard to find a perfect miRNA as a biomarker in MS. , 151 miRNAs listed. Five examples include: miR-34a, miR-155, miR-326, miR-18b, and miR-493 , Only one study focusing on miR-150 where the population consists of 33 individuals.. .. Martinelli-Bonesch et al. [ ] , 2012 , Cross-sectional observational study , Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 19 MS patients and 14 controls were used to test the expression profile of 1145 microRNAs and to perform whole-genome mRNA profiling. The researchers employed Illumina BeadArray technology for the microRNA and mRNA screenings and validated the findings using quantitative PCR and bioinformatic prediction tools to identify potential genetic targets and biomarkers. , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , This study identified 104 miRNAs with dysregulated expression in MS patients compared to controls. However, upon validation with a separate group of individuals using qPCR, only two miRNAs, let-7g and miR-150, showed consistent differences. , The study found that miR-150 was significantly downregulated in MS patients compared to controls. This downregulation was confirmed through quantitative PCR in a second sample of MS patients and controls. Additionally, the study identified putative target genes of miR-150 that are potentially involved in MS pathogenesis, such as the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 gene (SOCS1), which affects immune processes within the CNS and has been associated with MS severity and progression. , Significant dysregulation of miRNAs in MS patients. This suggest that these miRNAs, particularly miR-150, may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS through their predicted target genes, which include those involved in immune processes within the CNS. The identification of these miRNAs as being deregulated in MS patients provides potential novel targets for further research and potential biomarkers for the disease, aiding in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MS and developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. , let-7g, miR-363, miR-31, miR-524-3p, miR-876-3p, miR-223, miR-550, miR-181c, and miR-374a , The study included a total of 33 individuals, comprising 19 patients diagnosed with MS and 14 control subjects. Among the MS patients, there were 7 with RRMS, 6 with SPMS, and 6 with PPMS. This diverse representation of MS subtypes alongside the control group provided a comprehensive basis for analysis.. .. Al-Temaimi et al. [ ] , 2024 , Observational cohort study , The study by Al-Temaimi et al. analyzed plasma samples from 76 MS patients and 75 healthy controls to evaluate the expression of seven miRNAs using real-time quantitative PCR. The miRNAs were selected based on previous associations with MS, and statistical analyses were performed to assess their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. , PCR; (qRT-PCR) , The study found that miR-150-5p is significantly downregulated in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients, and its increased expression is associated with reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, indicating its potential as a biomarker for inflammation and SPMS transition. , MiR-150-5p had significantly lower fold expression in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients when adjusted for age, sex, and treatment type. Additionally, increased miR-150-5p expression was associated with reduced levels of BDNF in the total cohort, indicating its potential role as a biomarker for inflammation and the transition from RRMS to SPMS. , The findings suggest that miR-150-5p, which is significantly downregulated in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients, could serve as a potential biomarker for the transition from RRMS to SPMS. Additionally, the association of increased miR-150-5p expression with reduced BDNF levels underscores its potential role in inflammation and disease progression in MS. , miR-23a-3p, miR-326, miR-223-3p, miR-320a-3p, miR-145-5p, and miR-155-5p , The study included 76 MS patients and 75 healthy controls. Among the MS patients, 56 had RRMS and 20 had SPMS..
Expressing:Article Title: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on the Potential Use of miR-150 as a Novel Biomarker in the Detection and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis
Article Snippet: Bergman et al. [ ] , 2016 , Clinical research study , In the study, CSF samples were collected from patients with CIS, relapsing-remitting MS, and control groups. miRNA profiling was performed using TaqMan miRNA arrays, and subsequent validation was carried out with real-time PCR on two independent patient cohorts to assess the levels of miR-150. , RT-PCR , miR-145 and miR-150 of the tested miRNAs were significantly different for MS compared to NINDC in cohort 1. In the larger validation cohort 2, the significantly higher levels of miR-150 in MS compared to both NINDC and INDC were replicated. Additionally, significantly higher levels of miR-150 were observed between patients with CIS and NINDC. , Higher levels of miR-150 in CSF were significantly associated with increased CSF cell count, elevated immunoglobulin G (IgG) index, and the presence of OCBs. Additionally, miR-150 levels correlated with the levels of candidate protein biomarkers such as C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), and osteopontin (OPN). However, there was no significant correlation between miR-150 levels and the number of MRI T2 lesions or the EDSS score. , The authors conclude that miR-150 is a promising biomarker for MS. Its elevated levels in CSF of MS patients correlate with active CNS inflammation and established immunologic parameters. The miR-150/miR-204 ratio also shows potential as an effective biomarker, performing similarly to current top protein biomarkers, indicating its value in early diagnosis and disease monitoring. , miR-204, miR-145, The ratio of miR-150 to miR-204 was significantly higher in MS patients compared to both NINDC and INDC in cohort 2. , Two validation cohorts of patients were recruted: cohort 1 comprised 34 CIS patients, 43 MS patients, 34 NINDC, and 31 INDC, while cohort 2 included 96 CIS patients, 120 MS patients, 119 NINDC, and 95 INDC.. .. Roopali Gandhi [ ] , 2015 , Topical Review , Literature search and meta-analysis , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , To develop a miRNA-based biomarker for MS or any disease, it is crucial to quantify miRNAs from various samples with high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. , miR-150, along with other miRNAs, showed altered expression levels in MS patients compared to healthy controls and that its expression levels could be linked to disease activity and progression. , There is significant enthusiasm about using miRNAs as biomarkers, driven by their stability and ease of detection. However, thereare a wide range of results reported by different research groups, and its hard to find a perfect miRNA as a biomarker in MS. , 151 miRNAs listed. Five examples include: miR-34a, miR-155, miR-326, miR-18b, and miR-493 , Only one study focusing on miR-150 where the population consists of 33 individuals.. .. Martinelli-Bonesch et al. [ ] , 2012 , Cross-sectional observational study , Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 19 MS patients and 14 controls were used to test the expression profile of 1145 microRNAs and to perform whole-genome mRNA profiling. The researchers employed Illumina BeadArray technology for the microRNA and mRNA screenings and validated the findings using quantitative PCR and bioinformatic prediction tools to identify potential genetic targets and biomarkers. , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , This study identified 104 miRNAs with dysregulated expression in MS patients compared to controls. However, upon validation with a separate group of individuals using qPCR, only two miRNAs, let-7g and miR-150, showed consistent differences. , The study found that miR-150 was significantly downregulated in MS patients compared to controls. This downregulation was confirmed through quantitative PCR in a second sample of MS patients and controls. Additionally, the study identified putative target genes of miR-150 that are potentially involved in MS pathogenesis, such as the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 gene (SOCS1), which affects immune processes within the CNS and has been associated with MS severity and progression. , Significant dysregulation of miRNAs in MS patients. This suggest that these miRNAs, particularly miR-150, may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS through their predicted target genes, which include those involved in immune processes within the CNS. The identification of these miRNAs as being deregulated in MS patients provides potential novel targets for further research and potential biomarkers for the disease, aiding in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MS and developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. , let-7g, miR-363, miR-31, miR-524-3p, miR-876-3p, miR-223, miR-550, miR-181c, and miR-374a , The study included a total of 33 individuals, comprising 19 patients diagnosed with MS and 14 control subjects. Among the MS patients, there were 7 with RRMS, 6 with SPMS, and 6 with PPMS. This diverse representation of MS subtypes alongside the control group provided a comprehensive basis for analysis..
Article Title: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on the Potential Use of miR-150 as a Novel Biomarker in the Detection and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis
Article Snippet: Roopali Gandhi [ ] , 2015 , Topical Review , Literature search and meta-analysis , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , To develop a miRNA-based biomarker for MS or any disease, it is crucial to quantify miRNAs from various samples with high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. , miR-150, along with other miRNAs, showed altered expression levels in MS patients compared to healthy controls and that its expression levels could be linked to disease activity and progression. , There is significant enthusiasm about using miRNAs as biomarkers, driven by their stability and ease of detection. However, thereare a wide range of results reported by different research groups, and its hard to find a perfect miRNA as a biomarker in MS. , 151 miRNAs listed. Five examples include: miR-34a, miR-155, miR-326, miR-18b, and miR-493 , Only one study focusing on miR-150 where the population consists of 33 individuals.. .. Martinelli-Bonesch et al. [ ] , 2012 , Cross-sectional observational study , Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 19 MS patients and 14 controls were used to test the expression profile of 1145 microRNAs and to perform whole-genome mRNA profiling. The researchers employed Illumina BeadArray technology for the microRNA and mRNA screenings and validated the findings using quantitative PCR and bioinformatic prediction tools to identify potential genetic targets and biomarkers. , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , This study identified 104 miRNAs with dysregulated expression in MS patients compared to controls. However, upon validation with a separate group of individuals using qPCR, only two miRNAs, let-7g and miR-150, showed consistent differences. , The study found that miR-150 was significantly downregulated in MS patients compared to controls. This downregulation was confirmed through quantitative PCR in a second sample of MS patients and controls. Additionally, the study identified putative target genes of miR-150 that are potentially involved in MS pathogenesis, such as the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 gene (SOCS1), which affects immune processes within the CNS and has been associated with MS severity and progression. , Significant dysregulation of miRNAs in MS patients. This suggest that these miRNAs, particularly miR-150, may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS through their predicted target genes, which include those involved in immune processes within the CNS. The identification of these miRNAs as being deregulated in MS patients provides potential novel targets for further research and potential biomarkers for the disease, aiding in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MS and developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. , let-7g, miR-363, miR-31, miR-524-3p, miR-876-3p, miR-223, miR-550, miR-181c, and miR-374a , The study included a total of 33 individuals, comprising 19 patients diagnosed with MS and 14 control subjects. Among the MS patients, there were 7 with RRMS, 6 with SPMS, and 6 with PPMS. This diverse representation of MS subtypes alongside the control group provided a comprehensive basis for analysis.. .. Al-Temaimi et al. [ ] , 2024 , Observational cohort study , The study by Al-Temaimi et al. analyzed plasma samples from 76 MS patients and 75 healthy controls to evaluate the expression of seven miRNAs using real-time quantitative PCR. The miRNAs were selected based on previous associations with MS, and statistical analyses were performed to assess their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. , PCR; (qRT-PCR) , The study found that miR-150-5p is significantly downregulated in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients, and its increased expression is associated with reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, indicating its potential as a biomarker for inflammation and SPMS transition. , MiR-150-5p had significantly lower fold expression in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients when adjusted for age, sex, and treatment type. Additionally, increased miR-150-5p expression was associated with reduced levels of BDNF in the total cohort, indicating its potential role as a biomarker for inflammation and the transition from RRMS to SPMS. , The findings suggest that miR-150-5p, which is significantly downregulated in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients, could serve as a potential biomarker for the transition from RRMS to SPMS. Additionally, the association of increased miR-150-5p expression with reduced BDNF levels underscores its potential role in inflammation and disease progression in MS. , miR-23a-3p, miR-326, miR-223-3p, miR-320a-3p, miR-145-5p, and miR-155-5p , The study included 76 MS patients and 75 healthy controls. Among the MS patients, 56 had RRMS and 20 had SPMS..
Activity Assay:Article Title: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on the Potential Use of miR-150 as a Novel Biomarker in the Detection and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis
Article Snippet: Bergman et al. [ ] , 2016 , Clinical research study , In the study, CSF samples were collected from patients with CIS, relapsing-remitting MS, and control groups. miRNA profiling was performed using TaqMan miRNA arrays, and subsequent validation was carried out with real-time PCR on two independent patient cohorts to assess the levels of miR-150. , RT-PCR , miR-145 and miR-150 of the tested miRNAs were significantly different for MS compared to NINDC in cohort 1. In the larger validation cohort 2, the significantly higher levels of miR-150 in MS compared to both NINDC and INDC were replicated. Additionally, significantly higher levels of miR-150 were observed between patients with CIS and NINDC. , Higher levels of miR-150 in CSF were significantly associated with increased CSF cell count, elevated immunoglobulin G (IgG) index, and the presence of OCBs. Additionally, miR-150 levels correlated with the levels of candidate protein biomarkers such as C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), and osteopontin (OPN). However, there was no significant correlation between miR-150 levels and the number of MRI T2 lesions or the EDSS score. , The authors conclude that miR-150 is a promising biomarker for MS. Its elevated levels in CSF of MS patients correlate with active CNS inflammation and established immunologic parameters. The miR-150/miR-204 ratio also shows potential as an effective biomarker, performing similarly to current top protein biomarkers, indicating its value in early diagnosis and disease monitoring. , miR-204, miR-145, The ratio of miR-150 to miR-204 was significantly higher in MS patients compared to both NINDC and INDC in cohort 2. , Two validation cohorts of patients were recruted: cohort 1 comprised 34 CIS patients, 43 MS patients, 34 NINDC, and 31 INDC, while cohort 2 included 96 CIS patients, 120 MS patients, 119 NINDC, and 95 INDC.. .. Roopali Gandhi [ ] , 2015 , Topical Review , Literature search and meta-analysis , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , To develop a miRNA-based biomarker for MS or any disease, it is crucial to quantify miRNAs from various samples with high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. , miR-150, along with other miRNAs, showed altered expression levels in MS patients compared to healthy controls and that its expression levels could be linked to disease activity and progression. , There is significant enthusiasm about using miRNAs as biomarkers, driven by their stability and ease of detection. However, thereare a wide range of results reported by different research groups, and its hard to find a perfect miRNA as a biomarker in MS. , 151 miRNAs listed. Five examples include: miR-34a, miR-155, miR-326, miR-18b, and miR-493 , Only one study focusing on miR-150 where the population consists of 33 individuals.. .. Martinelli-Bonesch et al. [ ] , 2012 , Cross-sectional observational study , Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 19 MS patients and 14 controls were used to test the expression profile of 1145 microRNAs and to perform whole-genome mRNA profiling. The researchers employed Illumina BeadArray technology for the microRNA and mRNA screenings and validated the findings using quantitative PCR and bioinformatic prediction tools to identify potential genetic targets and biomarkers. , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , This study identified 104 miRNAs with dysregulated expression in MS patients compared to controls. However, upon validation with a separate group of individuals using qPCR, only two miRNAs, let-7g and miR-150, showed consistent differences. , The study found that miR-150 was significantly downregulated in MS patients compared to controls. This downregulation was confirmed through quantitative PCR in a second sample of MS patients and controls. Additionally, the study identified putative target genes of miR-150 that are potentially involved in MS pathogenesis, such as the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 gene (SOCS1), which affects immune processes within the CNS and has been associated with MS severity and progression. , Significant dysregulation of miRNAs in MS patients. This suggest that these miRNAs, particularly miR-150, may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS through their predicted target genes, which include those involved in immune processes within the CNS. The identification of these miRNAs as being deregulated in MS patients provides potential novel targets for further research and potential biomarkers for the disease, aiding in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MS and developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. , let-7g, miR-363, miR-31, miR-524-3p, miR-876-3p, miR-223, miR-550, miR-181c, and miR-374a , The study included a total of 33 individuals, comprising 19 patients diagnosed with MS and 14 control subjects. Among the MS patients, there were 7 with RRMS, 6 with SPMS, and 6 with PPMS. This diverse representation of MS subtypes alongside the control group provided a comprehensive basis for analysis..
Diagnostic Assay:Article Title: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on the Potential Use of miR-150 as a Novel Biomarker in the Detection and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis
Article Snippet: Roopali Gandhi [ ] , 2015 , Topical Review , Literature search and meta-analysis , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , To develop a miRNA-based biomarker for MS or any disease, it is crucial to quantify miRNAs from various samples with high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. , miR-150, along with other miRNAs, showed altered expression levels in MS patients compared to healthy controls and that its expression levels could be linked to disease activity and progression. , There is significant enthusiasm about using miRNAs as biomarkers, driven by their stability and ease of detection. However, thereare a wide range of results reported by different research groups, and its hard to find a perfect miRNA as a biomarker in MS. , 151 miRNAs listed. Five examples include: miR-34a, miR-155, miR-326, miR-18b, and miR-493 , Only one study focusing on miR-150 where the population consists of 33 individuals.. .. Martinelli-Bonesch et al. [ ] , 2012 , Cross-sectional observational study , Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 19 MS patients and 14 controls were used to test the expression profile of 1145 microRNAs and to perform whole-genome mRNA profiling. The researchers employed Illumina BeadArray technology for the microRNA and mRNA screenings and validated the findings using quantitative PCR and bioinformatic prediction tools to identify potential genetic targets and biomarkers. , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , This study identified 104 miRNAs with dysregulated expression in MS patients compared to controls. However, upon validation with a separate group of individuals using qPCR, only two miRNAs, let-7g and miR-150, showed consistent differences. , The study found that miR-150 was significantly downregulated in MS patients compared to controls. This downregulation was confirmed through quantitative PCR in a second sample of MS patients and controls. Additionally, the study identified putative target genes of miR-150 that are potentially involved in MS pathogenesis, such as the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 gene (SOCS1), which affects immune processes within the CNS and has been associated with MS severity and progression. , Significant dysregulation of miRNAs in MS patients. This suggest that these miRNAs, particularly miR-150, may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS through their predicted target genes, which include those involved in immune processes within the CNS. The identification of these miRNAs as being deregulated in MS patients provides potential novel targets for further research and potential biomarkers for the disease, aiding in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MS and developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. , let-7g, miR-363, miR-31, miR-524-3p, miR-876-3p, miR-223, miR-550, miR-181c, and miR-374a , The study included a total of 33 individuals, comprising 19 patients diagnosed with MS and 14 control subjects. Among the MS patients, there were 7 with RRMS, 6 with SPMS, and 6 with PPMS. This diverse representation of MS subtypes alongside the control group provided a comprehensive basis for analysis.. .. Al-Temaimi et al. [ ] , 2024 , Observational cohort study , The study by Al-Temaimi et al. analyzed plasma samples from 76 MS patients and 75 healthy controls to evaluate the expression of seven miRNAs using real-time quantitative PCR. The miRNAs were selected based on previous associations with MS, and statistical analyses were performed to assess their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. , PCR; (qRT-PCR) , The study found that miR-150-5p is significantly downregulated in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients, and its increased expression is associated with reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, indicating its potential as a biomarker for inflammation and SPMS transition. , MiR-150-5p had significantly lower fold expression in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients when adjusted for age, sex, and treatment type. Additionally, increased miR-150-5p expression was associated with reduced levels of BDNF in the total cohort, indicating its potential role as a biomarker for inflammation and the transition from RRMS to SPMS. , The findings suggest that miR-150-5p, which is significantly downregulated in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients, could serve as a potential biomarker for the transition from RRMS to SPMS. Additionally, the association of increased miR-150-5p expression with reduced BDNF levels underscores its potential role in inflammation and disease progression in MS. , miR-23a-3p, miR-326, miR-223-3p, miR-320a-3p, miR-145-5p, and miR-155-5p , The study included 76 MS patients and 75 healthy controls. Among the MS patients, 56 had RRMS and 20 had SPMS..
Control:Article Title: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on the Potential Use of miR-150 as a Novel Biomarker in the Detection and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis
Article Snippet: Roopali Gandhi [ ] , 2015 , Topical Review , Literature search and meta-analysis , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , To develop a miRNA-based biomarker for MS or any disease, it is crucial to quantify miRNAs from various samples with high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. , miR-150, along with other miRNAs, showed altered expression levels in MS patients compared to healthy controls and that its expression levels could be linked to disease activity and progression. , There is significant enthusiasm about using miRNAs as biomarkers, driven by their stability and ease of detection. However, thereare a wide range of results reported by different research groups, and its hard to find a perfect miRNA as a biomarker in MS. , 151 miRNAs listed. Five examples include: miR-34a, miR-155, miR-326, miR-18b, and miR-493 , Only one study focusing on miR-150 where the population consists of 33 individuals.. .. Martinelli-Bonesch et al. [ ] , 2012 , Cross-sectional observational study , Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 19 MS patients and 14 controls were used to test the expression profile of 1145 microRNAs and to perform whole-genome mRNA profiling. The researchers employed Illumina BeadArray technology for the microRNA and mRNA screenings and validated the findings using quantitative PCR and bioinformatic prediction tools to identify potential genetic targets and biomarkers. , Illumina BeadArray, qPCR , This study identified 104 miRNAs with dysregulated expression in MS patients compared to controls. However, upon validation with a separate group of individuals using qPCR, only two miRNAs, let-7g and miR-150, showed consistent differences. , The study found that miR-150 was significantly downregulated in MS patients compared to controls. This downregulation was confirmed through quantitative PCR in a second sample of MS patients and controls. Additionally, the study identified putative target genes of miR-150 that are potentially involved in MS pathogenesis, such as the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 gene (SOCS1), which affects immune processes within the CNS and has been associated with MS severity and progression. , Significant dysregulation of miRNAs in MS patients. This suggest that these miRNAs, particularly miR-150, may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS through their predicted target genes, which include those involved in immune processes within the CNS. The identification of these miRNAs as being deregulated in MS patients provides potential novel targets for further research and potential biomarkers for the disease, aiding in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MS and developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. , let-7g, miR-363, miR-31, miR-524-3p, miR-876-3p, miR-223, miR-550, miR-181c, and miR-374a , The study included a total of 33 individuals, comprising 19 patients diagnosed with MS and 14 control subjects. Among the MS patients, there were 7 with RRMS, 6 with SPMS, and 6 with PPMS. This diverse representation of MS subtypes alongside the control group provided a comprehensive basis for analysis.. .. Al-Temaimi et al. [ ] , 2024 , Observational cohort study , The study by Al-Temaimi et al. analyzed plasma samples from 76 MS patients and 75 healthy controls to evaluate the expression of seven miRNAs using real-time quantitative PCR. The miRNAs were selected based on previous associations with MS, and statistical analyses were performed to assess their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. , PCR; (qRT-PCR) , The study found that miR-150-5p is significantly downregulated in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients, and its increased expression is associated with reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, indicating its potential as a biomarker for inflammation and SPMS transition. , MiR-150-5p had significantly lower fold expression in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients when adjusted for age, sex, and treatment type. Additionally, increased miR-150-5p expression was associated with reduced levels of BDNF in the total cohort, indicating its potential role as a biomarker for inflammation and the transition from RRMS to SPMS. , The findings suggest that miR-150-5p, which is significantly downregulated in SPMS patients compared to RRMS patients, could serve as a potential biomarker for the transition from RRMS to SPMS. Additionally, the association of increased miR-150-5p expression with reduced BDNF levels underscores its potential role in inflammation and disease progression in MS. , miR-23a-3p, miR-326, miR-223-3p, miR-320a-3p, miR-145-5p, and miR-155-5p , The study included 76 MS patients and 75 healthy controls. Among the MS patients, 56 had RRMS and 20 had SPMS..
RNA sequencing:
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